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User:Hydrogen Sulfide/沙盒：修订间差异

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imported>Hydrogen Sulfide
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imported>Hydrogen Sulfide
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== 3-membered rings ==
Although subject to ring strain, 3-membered heterocyclic rings are well characterized.<ref>{{March6th}}</ref>


===Three-membered rings with one heteroatom===
{| class="wikitable"
!Heteroatom
!Saturated
!Unsaturated
|-
| Boron
| Borirane
| Borirene
|-
| Nitrogen
| Aziridine
| Azirine
|-
| Oxygen
| Oxirane (ethylene oxide, epoxides)
| Oxirene
|-
| Phosphorus
| Phosphirane
| Phosphirene
|-
| Sulfur
| Thiirane (episulfides)
| Thiirene
|}
===Three-membered rings with two heteroatoms===
{| class="wikitable"
!Heteroatoms
!Saturated
!Unsaturated
|-
| 2× Nitrogen
| Diaziridine
| Diazirine
|-
| Nitrogen + oxygen
| Oxaziridine
| Oxazirine
|-
| 2× Oxygen
| Dioxirane<br>(highly unstable)
|
|}
== 4-membered rings ==
===Four-membered rings with ''one'' heteroatom===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
| Nitrogen
| Azetidine
| Azete
|-
| Oxygen
| Oxetane
| Oxete
|-
|Phosphorus
|Phosphetane
|Phosphete
|-
| Sulfur
| Thietane
| Thiete
|}
===Four-membered rings with ''two'' heteroatoms===
{| class="wikitable"
! Heteroatoms
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
| 2× Nitrogen
| Diazetidine
| Diazete
|-
| 2× Oxygen
| Dioxetane
| Dioxete
|-
| 2× Sulfur
| Dithietane
| Dithiete
|}
== 5-membered rings ==
===Five-membered rings with ''one'' heteroatom===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
! Antimony
| Stibolane
| Stibole
|-
! Arsenic
| Arsolane
| Arsole
|-
! Bismuth
| Bismolane
| Bismole
|-
! Boron
| Borolane
| Borole
|-
! Nitrogen
| ''Pyrrolidine'' ("Azolidine" is not used)
| ''Pyrrole'' ("Azole" is not used)
|-
! Oxygen
| ''Tetrahydrofuran''
| ''Furan''
|-
! Phosphorus
| Phospholane
| Phosphole
|-
! Selenium
| Selenolane
| Selenophene
|-
! Silicon
| Silacyclopentane
| Silole
|-
! Sulfur
| Tetrahydrothiophene
| ''Thiophene''
|-
! Tellurium
|
| Tellurophene
|-
! Tin
| Stannolane
| Stannole
|}
===Five-membered rings with ''two'' heteroatoms===
The 5-membered ring compounds containing ''two'' heteroatoms, at least one of which is nitrogen, are collectively called the azoles.  Thiazoles and isothiazoles contain a sulfur and a nitrogen atom in the ring.  Dithiolanes have two sulfur atoms.
{| class="wikitable"
! Heteroatoms
! Saturated
! Unsaturated (and partially unsaturated)
|-  valign=top
! 2× nitrogen
| ''Imidazolidine'' <br>''Pyrazolidine''
| ''Imidazole'' (Imidazoline)<br>''Pyrazole'' (Pyrazoline)
|-  valign=top
! Oxygen + sulfur
| 1,3-Oxathiolane<br>1,2-Oxathiolane
| Oxathiole (Oxathioline)<br>Isoxathiole
|- valign=top
! Nitrogen + Oxygen
| Oxazolidine<br>Isoxazolidine
| Oxazole (Oxazoline)<br>Isoxazole
|- valign=top
! Nitrogen + sulfur
| Thiazolidine<br>Isothiazolidine
| Thiazole (Thiazoline)<br>Isothiazole
|- valign=top
! 2× oxygen
| Dioxolane
|
|- valign=top
! 2× sulfur
| Dithiolane
| Dithiole
|}
===Five-membered rings with at least ''three'' heteroatoms===
A large group of 5-membered ring compounds with ''three'' or more heteroatoms also exists. One example is the class of dithiazoles, which contain two sulfur atoms and one nitrogen atom.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Heteroatoms
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
! N N N
|
| Triazoles
|-
! N N O
|
| Furazan<br>Oxadiazole
|-
! N N S
|
| Thiadiazole
|-
! N O O
|
| Dioxazole
|-
! N S S
|
| Dithiazole
|-
! N N N N
|
|Tetrazole
|-
! N N N N O
|
| Oxatetrazole
|-
! N N N N S
|
| Thiatetrazole
|-
! N N N N N
|
| Pentazole
|}
== 6-membered rings ==
===Six-membered rings with ''one'' heteroatom===
{| class="wikitable"
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
! Ions
|-
| Antimony
|
| Stibinin
|-
| Arsenic
| Arsinane
| Arsinine
|-
| Bismuth
|
| Bismin
|-
| Boron
| Borinane
| Borinine
| Boratabenzene anion
|-
| Germanium
| Germinane
| Germine
|-
| Nitrogen
| ''Piperidine''<br>(Azinane is not used)
| ''Pyridine''<br>(Azine (heterocycle)|Azine is not used)
| Pyridinium cation
|-
| Oxygen
| Oxane
| ''Pyran''<br>(2''H''-Oxine is not used)
| Pyrylium cation
|-
| Phosphorus
| Phosphinane
| Phosphinine
|-
| Selenium
| Selenane
| Selenopyran
| Selenopyrylium cation
|-
| Silicon
| Silinane
| Siline
|-
| Sulfur
| Thiane
| ''Thiopyran''<br>(2''H''-Thiine is not used)
| Thiopyrylium cation
|-
| Tellurium
| Tellurane
| Telluropyran
| Telluropyrylium cation
|-
| Tin
| Stanninane
| Stannine
|}
===Six-membered rings with ''two'' heteroatoms===
{| class="wikitable" width=400px
|-
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
| Nitrogen / nitrogen
| Diazinane
| Diazine
|-
| Oxygen / nitrogen
| ''Morpholine''
| Oxazine
|-
| Sulfur / nitrogen
| ''Thiomorpholine''
| Thiazine
|-
| Oxygen / Sulfur
| ''Oxathiane''
| Oxathiin
|-
| Oxygen / oxygen
| Dioxane
| 1,4-Dioxin|Dioxine
|-
| Sulfur / sulfur
| Dithiane
| Dithiin
|-
| Boron / nitrogen
|
| 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-azaborine
|}
===Six-membered rings with ''three'' heteroatoms===
{| class="wikitable" width=400px
|-
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
| Nitrogen
| Triazinane
| Triazine
|-
| Oxygen
| Trioxane
|
|-
| Sulfur
| Trithiane
|
|}
===Six-membered rings with ''four'' heteroatoms===
{| class="wikitable" width=400px
|-
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
| Nitrogen
|
| Tetrazine
|}
Carborazine is a six-membered ring with two nitrogen heteroatoms and two boron heteroatom.
===Six-membered rings with five heteroatoms===
{| class="wikitable" width=400px
|-
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
| Nitrogen
|
| Pentazine
|}
===Six-membered rings with six heteroatoms===
The hypothetical chemical compound with six nitrogen heteroatoms would be hexazine.
Borazine is a six-membered ring with three nitrogen heteroatoms and three boron heteroatoms.
== 7-membered rings ==
In a 7-membered ring, the heteroatom must be able to provide an empty π-orbital (e.g. boron) for "normal" aromatic stabilization to be available; otherwise, homoaromaticity may be possible. Compounds with one heteroatom include:
{| class="wikitable"
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
|Boron
|
|Borepin
|-
|Nitrogen
| Azepane
| Azepine
|-
|Oxygen
| Oxepane
| Oxepine
|-
|Sulfur
| Thiepane
| Thiepine
|}
Those with two heteroatoms include:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
| Nitrogen
| Diazepane
| Diazepine
|-
| Nitrogen/sulfur
|
| Thiazepine
|}
== 8-membered rings ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
| Nitrogen
| Azocane
| Azocine
|-
| Oxygen
| Oxocane
| Oxocine
|-
| Sulfur
| Thiocane
| Thiocine
|}
Borazocine is an eight-membered ring with four nitrogen heteroatoms and four boron heteroatoms.
== 9-membered rings ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Heteroatom
! Saturated
! Unsaturated
|-
| Nitrogen
| Azonane
| Azonine
|-
|Oxygen
| Oxonane
| Oxonine
|-
|Sulfur
| Thionane
| (2Z,4Z,6Z,8Z)-Thionine|Thionine
|-
|}
检索自“https://superscience.skywiki.org/wiki/User:Hydrogen_Sulfide/沙盒”